What you do here: pick the two or three places you are still choosing between, read their records against the same questions, and download what remains.
Every column is one published record, read in the same order for every destination: legal basis, who may commission, payment, parentage at birth, the cost figures a source printed, and the questions the record did not settle.
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A surrogacy contract is open to a couple consisting of a man and a woman who have been married, or have lived together, for at least one year; single people and same-sex couples cannot be parties to it. Citizenship is not one of the conditions: Georgian law does not distinguish between Georgian citizens and foreigners, which is why Georgia has been used by international intended parents. The rules sit inside the health-care and patient-rights legislation and a set of Ministry of Health orders rather than in a dedicated surrogacy act, so the description here follows a practitioner who reads those instruments, and the parts that could not be verified are named underneath.
Payment
The statute is silent rather than permissive: it neither expressly permits nor prohibits paying the woman who carries, and compensated arrangements have operated in Georgia for years on that silence. No published ceiling, no list of reimbursable items and no regulatory figure for Georgia was found in the material read, so nothing here is a Georgian price, and a figure quoted to you by a clinic or an agency is not a price Georgian law has set.
Parentage at birth
Registration is administrative rather than judicial. The intended parents are recorded as the child's parents, and the woman who carried the pregnancy and any donor are not entered as parents; the practitioner account read here describes the rule as a prohibition on naming them, not as a discretion the registry weighs. There is no equivalent of a United States pre-birth order, because no court order is the step that establishes parentage. What a Georgian birth entry is worth once the family reaches another country is a separate question this record does not answer.
Closed to international intended parents. A law dated 14 July 2026, No. 350-VIII ZRK, amended the Code on Marriage (Matrimony) and the Family so that only citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan who are married may be customers of a surrogacy service: the amended article 54 carries that condition in those words, and articles 1 and 57 now define the customer as a citizen who is married. The instrument took effect on 26 July 2026. Foreigners, stateless persons, single women and single men, and unmarried couples are therefore outside the rule, whatever a clinic or an agency may still advertise. Whether agreements made or children conceived before that date were given transitional cover is not established in the sources read, so those are the limits any proposal that puts Kazakhstan in front of you now has to answer against.
Payment
The amended text speaks of customers of a surrogacy service, which keeps a paid model for the married citizens it allows, and it requires them to bear the material costs of the carrier's medical examinations. No tariff, cap or wider remuneration rule was readable in the sources opened, so this record states the shape of the model and no figure. Any Kazakh price presented to a foreign family is describing a route the law now closes to them.
Parentage at birth
Not established from the sources read, and this record does not assert it. The material opened contains the eligibility provisions and an amendment to the Code on People's Health and the Healthcare System that replaces the assisted-reproduction terminology with extracorporeal fertilisation and transfer and inserts an exclusion reading except for surrogacy. The birth-registration consequences of those changes were not readable, and the state register page for the law itself returned not found when opened, so nothing here states who is named on a Kazakh birth certificate after July 2026.
Surrogacy is applied to a married couple only: the account of the rule in Ukraine's free secondary legal aid system states that single men, single women and same-sex couples have no right to take part in a surrogacy programme, and that the procedure is available to married couples without children. Foreign citizens may commission one. Only gestational surrogacy is contemplated, and the arrangement is made on a commercial basis under a contract between the married couple and the woman carrying. The status of this route is the part a family has to watch: a bill registered in parliament in August 2026 would remove foreign intended parents altogether, and it has not been adopted, so the rule that applies today is the permissive one and the risk is legislative rather than settled.
Payment
Commercial, on the basis of a contract between the married couple and the carrier. The legal-aid account records no limit on surrogacy-related payments, including the carrier's remuneration and additional expenses, and disputes over unpaid compensation are described there as a known category of case. No government figure, tariff or cap was found in the material read, so nothing here is a Ukrainian price, and a published clinic total is a commercial statement rather than something Ukrainian law sets.
Parentage at birth
The intended spouses are entered on the birth record directly, at birth, without a court order. The registration step is documentary: the couple's application, the certificate establishing the genetic kinship of the father or the mother with the child, and the carrier's consent to the spouses being recorded as the parents, with her signature on that consent notarised. There is no pre-birth order because registration, not adjudication, is the mechanism that fixes parentage. Whether the resulting Ukrainian birth entry is accepted in the country the family lives in is a separate question this record does not answer.
No eligibility rule is set by the federal sources available here; they govern reimbursement rather than who may commission a surrogacy. Confirm your own position with a lawyer in the relevant province or territory.
Payment
Reimbursement only. Under the Assisted Human Reproduction Act regulations, expenditures incurred by a surrogate mother in relation to her surrogacy may be reimbursed. Regulated reimbursement is permitted; paying a person to act as a surrogate is not. Health Canada's guidance enumerates reimbursable costs, requires receipts, and requires records to be kept for six years.
Parentage at birth
Parentage after birth is a matter of provincial and territorial law. The federal sources available here do not set it, and nothing more is claimed about it here.
There is no federal surrogacy law. Each state sets its own rules, and they differ enough that a state has to be examined on its own. ASRM's survey of state law lists gestational surrogacy as expressly permitted by statute in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington and West Virginia, and records other states as having no statutes or published case law either permitting or prohibiting it.
Payment
Not a single national rule. Compensation is governed state by state, and no statement about what may be paid across the whole country is supported by the sources available here.
Parentage at birth
Parentage is decided under state law and state court practice, not federally. A US order is also a separate question from whether another country will recognise it.
A government guidance page on the legal process describes who may use the route: intended parents may be a different-sex or a same-sex couple, married, in a civil partnership or living together, or an individual regardless of relationship status, and a parental order application requires at least one applicant to be genetically related to the child. What that page does not settle is the money question, or how a court weighs an application once it is filed; the facts below keep those separate. Domicile in the United Kingdom is treated on this site as its own question, and the guide about bringing a child home names the source that raises it.
Payment
Intended parents may reimburse the surrogate's reasonable expenses. Paying anything more than reasonable expenses must be authorised by the family court before a parental order can be made. Advertising for, or as, a surrogate is illegal under the Surrogacy Arrangements Act 1985. A report by Surrogacy UK, cited by HFEA, records surrogates as typically reimbursed 10,000 to 15,000 pounds.
Parentage at birth
The surrogate is the legal mother at birth unless a parental order is obtained. A written arrangement is not legally binding, and the Law Commission's reform proposals keep arrangements unenforceable. Intended parents have to wait until the child is born and then apply to court, a process the Commission describes as typically taking six months to a year.
No statute sets out who may commission a surrogacy. What the sources here establish is the case law: the Constitutional Court has twice sat in review of cases arising from arrangements already made, and in the 2024 review it held that children born through surrogacy have the same rights as all children and may not be discriminated against for the method of their birth. The same decision left the question of whether to prohibit, freely permit or restrict arrangements to Congress. What applies to a given family is therefore decided through constitutional protection actions, case by case, not against a published eligibility scheme.
Payment
No rule to quote. The 2024 review decision names payment to the gestational carrier as a risk factor - it states that where she receives remuneration, the risk of children being sold increases - and the arrangement in the case it reviewed described itself as altruistic collaboration. The court ordered the Ministry of Justice to draft a law and reaffirmed its 2022 order that Congress regulate the subject comprehensively. So payments sit in a gap the courts have flagged, not under a rule.
Parentage at birth
Litigated, not administered. The 2009 decision provider websites cite resolved custody and mother-child contact for twins; it never allocated legal parentage. In 2024 the court urged Congress to legislate on the civil-registration effects of children born in Colombia through surrogacy, specifically that the woman who lent her womb not be registered as the biological mother, and ordered the child-welfare institute, the migration authority and the national registry to adopt protective measures within six months. The tutela in that very case was denied. Parentage still has to be won, family by family.
Surrogacy is permitted only under a prior court decision (Civil Code article 1458, applied through article 13 of Law 3305/2005), and only for a woman who is unable to carry a pregnancy for medical reasons: the statute defines the arrangement as one woman carrying and giving birth after in-vitro fertilisation and transfer using an ovum foreign to her, on behalf of another woman who wants a child but cannot gestate. The carrying woman may not provide the ovum, and she must pass the article 4 medical examinations and a thorough psychological evaluation. Assisted reproduction itself is confined to adults, with a woman's natural reproductive capacity set by the statute at the age of fifty. Since Law 5197/2025 (16 May 2025) both the intending parents and the surrogate must hold permanent residence in Greece, which closes the route to international intended parents without Greek residence.
Payment
Altruistic only, in the statute's own words: the agreement for a third woman to carry is made without any consideration whatsoever (article 13 paragraph 4). Two things are expressly not consideration: the costs required to achieve the pregnancy, to carry, to give birth and for the postnatal period, and any positive damage the carrier suffers from abstaining from work, including wages she lost for those purposes. The independent regulator sets the amounts that may be covered. Article 26 paragraph 8 punishes taking part in a surrogacy outside the legal conditions with at least two years' imprisonment and a fine of at least 1,500 euros, and applies the same penalty to anyone who announces, promotes or advertises obtaining a child through a third woman, even covertly, or provides professional intermediary services for it.
Parentage at birth
The court decision settles who the parents are. Where the article 1458 permission has been obtained, the presumption of maternity under article 1464 paragraph 1 of the Civil Code attaches to the intending mother to whom the permission was granted, and the presumption of paternity under article 1465 paragraph 1 to her husband. Without the permission the presumption fails and the woman who gave birth - the surrogate - is the legal mother; the academic commentary cited below treats a later adoption around that fact as a circumvention of article 1458 and therefore invalid.
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What this comparison does not do
It does not decide whether you qualify. That answer belongs to a lawyer qualified in that jurisdiction, on your facts.
It does not fill a gap: where a record publishes no position, the column says so.
It says nothing about the clinics and agencies inside each place, which is a separate check.
A comparison is a shortlist, not a decision
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